Essential Element: EE.MS-PS3-3

Target Level: Test and refine a device (e.g., foam cup, insulated box, or thermos) to either minimize or maximize thermal energy transfer (e.g., keeping liquids hot or cold, preventing liquids from freezing, keeping hands warm in cold temperatures).

Precursor Level: Investigate objects/materials, and predict their ability to maximize or minimize thermal energy transfer.

Initial Level: Identify objects/materials used to minimize or maximize thermal energy transfer (e.g., gloves, vacuum flask, insulated hot pad holder or foam cup).